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Home World Europe France

Paris Court of Appeal Pushes Back Against Expansive Annulment Challenges

30 December 2025
in Arbitration, Commercial Arbitration, Europe, France, Legal Insights, Paris Baby Arbitration (PBA), World, Worldwide Perspectives
Paris Court of Appeal Pushes Back Against Expansive Annulment Challenges

Paris Court of Appeal, June 3, 2025, No. 23/17836, Wingstop Franchising LLC


THE AUTHOR:
Louise Nicot, Former Trainee Lawyer, Reed Smith 


Paris Baby Arbitration (PBA) is building a strong community of future arbitration professionals linked to Paris and beyond. Partnering with Daily Jus, PBA shares sharp, bilingual analyses and fresh perspectives on the developments shaping the arbitration field, making it more accessible to students and young practitioners worldwide.

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By a decision dated 3 June 2025, the International Commercial Chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal dismissed the application to set aside the arbitral award rendered under the arbitration rules of the LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration) (LCIA Arbitration Case No. 215285), in the dispute between the French companies S.A.S. B.Wing and S.A.S. Flight 83 (“the Claimants”) and the U.S. company Wingstop Franchising LLC (“the Respondent”).

In this case, the dispute concerned the performance of a franchise agreement (“the Agreement”) entered into in 2017 between the three companies, which operate in the fast-food sector. Under the Agreement, the Respondent granted the Claimants exclusive rights to operate its brand in France, in return for the opening of 75 restaurants over a 12-year period. As the Claimants only opened one restaurant and thus failed to meet the agreed timeline, the Respondent proposed an amendment to the Agreement, which was rejected by the Claimants, before unilaterally terminating the territorial exclusivity in February 2021. After rejecting several proposed locations outside the contractually agreed territory, the Respondent initiated arbitration proceedings in 2021, which resulted in an award unfavorable to the Claimants rendered on 27 September 2023. The Claimants then filed for annulment of the award before the Paris Court of Appeal on 27 October 2023.

In their first ground for annulment, based on Article 1520, paragraph 1 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (“the Code”), the Claimants argued that the arbitral tribunal lacked jurisdiction, on the basis that the Respondent had forfeited its right to arbitration by transferring it to a third party. The Court dismissed this argument, holding that the possible loss of the right to arbitrate due to a transfer of rights concerns the admissibility of the claims submitted to arbitration, not the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal.

In their second ground, based on Article 1520, paragraph 3 of the French Code of Civil Procedure, the Claimants alleged that the sole arbitrator failed to carry out his mandate by not ruling on the legal consequences of the Respondent’s contractual breaches, despite the Claimants having expressly raised these issues in their counterclaims. The Court rejected this ground, noting that such a failure does not justify annulment of the award, as an omission to rule is not one of the grounds for annulment under the Code.

In their third and final ground, based on Article 1520, paragraph 5 of the French Code of Civil Procedure, the Claimants alleged that the recognition or enforcement of the award would violate international public policy, as the arbitrator had, in their view, breached Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code by recognizing the Respondent’s right to reject proposed sites not specified in the Agreement. The Court rejected this ground, finding that the Claimants failed to demonstrate that the allegedly missing information, in particular, regarding the broader site rejection rights, fell within the scope of Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code, or that the award violated international public policy.

The Court dismissed the application to set aside the award, ordered the claimants jointly and severally to pay the costs, and the respondent €50,000 pursuant to Article 700 of the French Code of Civil Procedure.

In conclusion, the judgment reaffirms the distinction between the concepts of admissibility and jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal, and specifies that an omission to rule (infra petita) constitutes a breach only if a party was prevented from presenting its claims.

This article was originally published in the Biberon newsletter on Wednesday November 5, 2025, with thanks to Paris Baby Arbitration, Jus Mundi & Jus Connect.

Read It Here

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Louise Nicot is an arbitration trainee based in Paris, with experience in leading arbitration boutiques and international law firms. Fluent in French, English, German and Italian, she holds two LL.M. degrees and two Master’s degrees in business law and international arbitration from Humboldt University of Berlin, the University of Amsterdam and Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas. Passionate about promoting arbitration, she has contributed to Le Biberon since 2022 and joined the podcast team of Paris Baby Arbitration (PBA) in September 2024.


*The views and opinions expressed by authors are theirs and do not necessarily reflect those of their organizations, employers, or Daily Jus, Jus Mundi, or Jus Connect.

La Cour d’appel de Paris freine les recours en annulation excessifs

Cour d’appel de Paris, 3 juin 2025, n° 23/17836, Wingstop v. B.Wing and Flight 83

Par une décision du 3 juin 2025, la chambre commerciale internationale de la Cour d’appel de Paris a rejeté le recours en annulation formé contre la sentence rendue sous l’égide du règlement d’arbitrage de la LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration) (LCIA Arbitration Case No. 215285), dans le litige opposant les sociétés françaises S.A.S. B.Wing et S.A.S. Flight 83 (« les demanderesses »), à la société américaine Wingstop Franchising LLC (« la défenderesse »).

En l’espèce, le différend portait sur l’exécution d’un contrat de franchise (« le contrat ») conclu en 2017 entre les trois sociétés, spécialisées dans la restauration rapide. La défenderesse au recours avait, par ce contrat, accordé aux demanderesses un droit exclusif d’exploitation de son enseigne en France, sous réserve de l’ouverture de 75 restaurants sur 12 ans. Faute de respect du calendrier par les demanderesses, qui n’ont ouvert qu’un seul restaurant, la défenderesse a d’abord proposé une révision du contrat, proposition refusée par les demanderesses, avant de mettre fin à l’exclusivité territoriale en février 2021. Après avoir refusé plusieurs propositions d’implantation hors de la région prévue par le contrat, la défenderesse a engagé une procédure d’arbitrage en 2021, aboutissant à une sentence défavorable aux demanderesses rendue le 27 septembre 2023, qui ont saisi la Cour d’appel de Paris d’un recours en annulation le 27 octobre 2023.

Dans un premier moyen tiré de l’incompétence du tribunal fondé sur l’article 1520, alinéa 1er du Code de procédure civile, les demanderesses font grief au tribunal arbitral de s’être reconnu compétent alors que la défenderesse aurait perdu son droit de recourir à l’arbitrage après l’avoir transféré à un tiers. La Cour rejette ce moyen au motif que l’éventuelle perte du droit d’agir à raison d’un transfert de droits relève de la recevabilité des demandes soumises à la juridiction arbitrale, et non d’une question de compétence.

Dans un second moyen tiré tiré du non-respect de sa mission par le tribunal arbitral fondé sur l’article 1520, alinéa 3 du Code de procédure civile, les demanderesses reprochent à l’arbitre unique de ne pas avoir statué sur les conséquences juridiques des manquements contractuels de la défenderesse, malgré leurs demandes reconventionnelles expresses en ce sens. La Cour rejette le bien fondé de ce moyen et rappelle qu’un tel manquement ne saurait justifier l’annulation de la sentence, l’omission de statuer ne constituant pas un cas d’ouverture du recours en annulation.

Dans un troisième et dernier moyen tiré de la contrariété de la reconnaissance ou de l’exécution de la sentence à l’ordre public international fondé sur l’article 1520, alinéa 5 du Code de procédure civile, les demanderesses reprochent à l’arbitre d’avoir violé l’article L. 330-3 du Code de commerce en reconnaissant à la défenderesse le droit de refuser des sites non prévus par le contrat. La Cour rejette ce moyen, estimant que les demanderesses ne prouvent pas que les informations qu’elles disent ne pas avoir reçues, notamment sur le droit de refus élargi des sites, relèvent de l’article L. 330-3 du Code de commerce, ni en quoi la sentence porterait atteinte à l’ordre public international.

La Cour rejette le recours en annulation, condamne in solidum les demanderesses aux dépens ainsi qu’à payer à la défenderesse la somme de 50 000 euros en application de l’article 700 du Code de procédure civile.

En conclusion, l’arrêt rappelle les contours de la distinction entre les notions de recevabilité et de compétence de l’arbitre, et précise que l’omission de statuer (infra petita) ne constitue un manquement que si une partie a été empêchée de présenter ses prétentions.

Cet article a été initialement publié dans la newsletter Biberon le mercredi 5 novembre, 2025, avec le soutien de Paris Baby Arbitration, Jus Mundi & Jus Connect.

Lire dans le Biberon

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Louise Nicot is an arbitration trainee based in Paris, with experience in leading arbitration boutiques and international law firms. Fluent in French, English, German and Italian, she holds two LL.M. degrees and two Master’s degrees in business law and international arbitration from Humboldt University of Berlin, the University of Amsterdam and Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas. Passionate about promoting arbitration, she has contributed to Le Biberon since 2022 and joined the podcast team of Paris Baby Arbitration (PBA) in September 2024.


*Les points de vue et les opinions exprimés par les auteurs sont les leurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement ceux de leurs organisations, de leurs employeurs ou de Daily Jus, Jus Mundi ou Jus Connect.

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