{"id":285498,"date":"2025-03-18T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/?p=285498"},"modified":"2025-04-15T18:21:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T16:21:14","slug":"2024-arbitration-year-in-review-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/18\/2024-arbitration-year-in-review-china\/","title":{"rendered":"2024 Arbitration Year In Review &#8211; China"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article was featured in <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/legal-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Jus Mundi<\/a>&#8216;s <strong>2024 Arbitration Year in Review<\/strong>, in collaboration with VYAPs, a yearly collection of articles from jurisdictions all around the globe updating you on arbitration-related developments from the previous year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/reports\/2025\/03\/2024-arbitration-year-in-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download now<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>THE AUTHORS:<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/p\/jingjing-li-1#data-analytics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Jingjing Li<\/strong><\/a>, Associate at <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/firm\/zhong-lun-law-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Zhong Lun Law Firm<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/p\/yanbing-sandra-peng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Yanbing Peng<\/strong><\/a>, Legal Counsel at <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-scia-shenzhen-court-of-international-arbitration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration<\/strong><\/a><br><strong>Junzi Ni<\/strong>, Undergraduate Student at <strong>China University of Political Science and Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Developments in Arbitration-Related Laws<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2024, several laws were introduced in <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China<\/a> and some of these new laws are particularly impactful in the realm of arbitration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.moj.gov.cn\/2023-12\/15\/c_948359.htm#:~:text=Article%209%20A%20foreign%20State,foreign%20State%20in%20the%20territory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The Foreign State Immunity Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a> (\u201c<strong>the Law<\/strong>\u201d) came into effect on 1 January 2024, marking a significant shift in China\u2019s approach to state immunity. China\u2019s position of state immunity now has transitioned from absolute immunity to a relative immunity regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Law provides a clear framework for defining the scope of foreign states\u2019 immunity. Article 3 establishes the general principle of state immunity, while Articles 4, 5, and 6 address explicit and implicit waivers of immunity and their exceptions. The Law also outlines special exceptions to state immunity, including commercial activities (Article 7), contracts related to labor or services (Article 8), personal injury and property damage (Article 9), property rights (Article 10), and intellectual property (Article 11); notably, Article 12 of the Law introduces exceptions for state immunity in arbitration involving commercial and investment disputes, while excludes state-to-state arbitration. This provision aligns with practices in countries like the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">United States<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/gb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another development worth noting is the undergoing amendment of the PRC Arbitration Law. <a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=Mzg2ODExNDM1OA==&amp;mid=2247543695&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=81ae28220825def6e5280e72eca1a39d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The Draft of Arbitration Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a> (\u201c<strong>the 2024 Draft<\/strong>\u201d) was released for public consultation on 4 November 2024. This updated version adopts a more conservative stance compared to its 2021 Draft, which has sparked many debates. Some key points are as below. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Arbitration Agreements<\/strong>: Under the existing China Arbitration Law, an arbitration agreement must specify a designated arbitration commission to be valid. The 2021 Draft proposed a progressive change by removing this requirement. However, the 2024 Draft reverses this proposal, keeping the original requirement for a designated arbitration commission (Article 24), which is criticized as a significant step back from the international alignment in the 2021 Draft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Injunctive Relief<\/strong>: Article 36 of the 2024 Draft extends the interim measures to include conduct preservation (<em>i.e.<\/em> injunctive relief). This amendment is important for parties to arbitrations involving intellectual property, equity investment, and other types of disputes where injunctive relief may be required to protect the interests of relevant parties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Seat of Arbitration<\/strong>: The current Arbitration Law does not specify the concept of \u201cseat\u201d of arbitration. Over the years, many judicial practices in China have started to recognize the concept of the \u201cseat\u201d of arbitration regarding issues of supervisory court and the nationality of the award, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/zh-brentwood-industries-inc-v-guangdong-faanlong-machinery-complete-set-equipment-engineering-co-ltd-and-others-zhong-hua-ren-min-gong-he-guo-yan-dong-sheng-yan-zhou-shi-zhong-ji-ren-min-fa-yuan-min-shi-cai-ding-shu-thursday-6th-august-2020#decision_13461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Brentwood v. Guangdong Fa\u2019anlong<\/em><\/a> case and <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/zh-china-first-heavy-machinery-co-ltd-v-aktiebolaget-sandvik-materials-technology-co-ltd-bei-jing-shi-di-si-zhong-ji-min-fa-yuan-min-shi-cai-ding-shu-2021-jing-04min-te-726hao-thursday-29th-june-2023#decision_52391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>China First Heavy Machinery v. Aktiebolaget Sandvik Materials Technology<\/em><\/a> case. Article 78 of the 2024 Draft now introduces the concept of seat, allowing parties to agree on it. This change, which aligns with international standards, applies solely to arbitration cases involving foreign elements, and it is uncertain whether and how the seat concept will apply to domestic cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Ad hoc Arbitration<\/strong><\/em>: Under the current laws and regulations, ad hoc arbitration is restricted except in specific Free-Trade Zones (\u201c<strong>FTZ<\/strong>\u201d). Article 79 of the 2024 Draft extends this to include disputes arising in foreign maritime affairs and arising between enterprises established and registered in the Pilot FTZ with foreign-related factors. This extension is more limited compared to the broader provisions suggested in the 2021 Draft, which would have allowed ad hoc arbitration for all foreign-related disputes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Judicial Supports to International Commercial Arbitration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/cn\">China<\/a>\u2019s judiciary has systematically strengthened its support for international commercial arbitration through landmark rulings and institutional innovations. The Supreme People\u2019s Court (\u201c<strong>SPC<\/strong>\u201d) and specialized courts, such as the Beijing Fourth Intermediate People\u2019s Court (\u201c<strong>Beijing No. 4 Court<\/strong>\u201d), have issued model cases to harmonize judicial review with global standards, enhance procedural efficiency, and promote cross-border enforcement. Below is a consolidated overview of key cases and reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cross-Border Cooperation with <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/hk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Hong Kong<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <a href=\"https:\/\/cicc.court.gov.cn\/html\/1\/218\/149\/192\/2476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>G Company v. V Company<\/em><\/a>, the Suzhou Intermediate Court expedited interim measures for a <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-hkiac-hong-kong-international-arbitration-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC)<\/a> case, completing the process within seven days despite pandemic challenges.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/cicc.court.gov.cn\/html\/1\/218\/149\/192\/2476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Financial Company v. Salt Manufacturing Company<\/em><\/a> case affirmed the enforceability of HKIAC awards under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doj.gov.hk\/en\/mainland_and_macao\/pdf\/arbitration_interim_e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Arrangement Concerning Mutual Assistance in Court-ordered Interim Measures in Aid of Arbitral Proceedings by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<\/em><\/a> even when tribunal composition changes occurred mid-procedure with party consent.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Belt and Road and Foreign Awards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/01\/id\/7769482.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Art Mosaic Co. v. Hongguan Co<\/em><\/a><em><u>.<\/u><\/em> (case 1) the Foshan Court enforced an Uzbekistan Chamber of Commerce award under the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/treaty\/en-united-nations-convention-on-the-recognition-and-enforcement-of-foreign-arbitral-awards-new-york-convention-1958-tuesday-10th-june-1958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958)<\/a> (\u201c<strong>New York Convention<\/strong>\u201d), prioritizing treaty obligations over technical defects (e.g., unregistered company seals).\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-daesung-industrial-gases-co-ltd-and-daesung-guangzhou-gases-co-ltd-v-praxair-china-investment-co-ltd-decision-of-the-high-court-of-the-republic-of-singapore-monday-1st-july-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Daesung v. Praxair<\/em><\/a><em><u> <\/u><\/em>(case 3) validated a <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-siac-singapore-international-arbitration-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Singapore International Arbitration Centre<\/a> (\u201c<strong>SIAC<\/strong>\u201d) clause in Shanghai, confirming foreign arbitration institutions\u2019 legitimacy under Chinese law.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Clarifying Arbitration Agreements and Procedures\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Party Autonomy and Consent&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/09\/id\/8101160.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Tianjin Hotel Management v. Hong Kong Company<\/em> (case 3),<\/a> the Tianjin Court upheld a flawed arbitration clause by applying Hong Kong law, emphasizing party intent over formal defects.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/01\/id\/7769482.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Yi Hai International Ltd. v. Lianshun Co.<\/em><\/a> (case 2) ruled that unsigned draft contracts with arbitration clauses became binding through parties\u2019 conduct (email exchanges).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procedural Integrity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/01\/id\/7769482.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>China First Highway Engineering Co. v. Tianbei Investment<\/em><\/a> (case 7) annulled an award due to an arbitrator\u2019s undisclosed prior ties to counsel, reinforcing disclosure obligations.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/01\/id\/7769482.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Sun et al. v. Nanjing Sunfei Technology Co.<\/em><\/a> (case 6) invalidated arbitration clauses added via unauthorized stamps or handwritten notes, mandating explicit consent in digital transactions.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Institutional Innovations and Efficiency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beijing No. 4 Court\u2019s Reforms. As the centralized foreign-related arbitration court, it processed 74 cases (2023\u20132024) worth over RMB 10 billion. A \u201cfast-track\u201d system reduced average review times from 64.9 to 39.8 days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bicc.gov.cn\/2025-01\/17\/c_1065195.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Beijing Tech Company v. Information Company<\/em><\/a> (case 9), the court enforced a tribunal-ordered interim measure under <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/rule\/en-uncitral-united-nations-commission-on-international-trade-law-arbitration-rules-2021-uncitral-arbitration-rules-2021-thursday-9th-december-2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2021<\/a>\u2014a first in China\u2014marks the first instance in China where a court explicitly enforced an interim decision issued by an arbitral tribunal, reflecting a deliberate effort to harmonize domestic judicial practices with global procedural norms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Addressing Emerging Sectors\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sports Arbitration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bicc.gov.cn\/2025-01\/17\/c_1065194.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Ma v. Shanghai Football Club<\/em><\/a>, China\u2019s first sports arbitration judicial review case, upheld a China Sports Arbitration Commission award, clarifying jurisdiction boundaries under the revised <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npc.gov.cn\/zgrdw\/englishnpc\/Law\/2007-12\/12\/content_1383721.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Physical Culture and Sports Law of the People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Financial and Ancillary Agreements&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinacourt.org\/article\/detail\/2024\/01\/id\/7769482.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>China Oceanwide Holdings v. Guo<\/em><\/a> (case 5) ruled that arbitration clauses in main contracts do not bind subsidiary agreements (<em>e.g.<\/em>, guarantees) without explicit consent, safeguarding procedural fairness.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">China\u2019s judicial system adopts a \u201cbalancing support and supervision\u201d philosophy, balancing party autonomy with rigorous procedural oversight. By enforcing international treaties, streamlining cross-border enforcement, and integrating digital solutions, courts have positioned China as a competitive hub for resolving global disputes. Continued reforms aim to further align with global best practices, reinforcing China\u2019s role in international commerce.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Developments in Arbitration Institutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2024, many Chinese arbitration institutions, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-cietac-china-international-economic-and-trade-arbitration-commission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission<\/a> (\u201c<strong>CIETAC<\/strong>\u201d), the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-shiac-shanghai-international-arbitration-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Shanghai International Arbitration Center<\/a> (\u201c<strong>SHIAC<\/strong>\u201d) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-scia-shenzhen-court-of-international-arbitration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration<\/a> (\u201c<strong>SCIA<\/strong>\u201d), have updated or amended their arbitration rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/rule\/en-cietac-china-international-economic-and-trade-arbitration-commission-arbitration-rules-2024-cietac-arbitration-rules-2024-monday-1st-january-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2024<\/a> came into effect on 1 January 2024. The rules have important updates to match international practices. They add new features like third-party funding (Article 48) and early dismissal (Article 50). Parties must disclose relevant information of third-party funding, and tribunals may consider this when deciding costs. The new rules on early dismissal allow claims with no legal basis to be dismissed quickly. Further, tribunals may apply the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/rule\/en-cietac-china-international-economic-and-trade-arbitration-commission-guidelines-on-evidence-2024-cietac-guidelines-on-evidence-2024-monday-1st-january-2024?su=https%3A%2F%2Fjusmundi.com%2Fen%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dguidelines%2520on%2520Evidence%26page%3D1%26lang%3Den\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">CIETAC Guidelines on Evidence 2024<\/a> to simplify the process (Article 41). Parties can combine disputes under multiple related contracts in one arbitration (Articles 14, 19). They can also add contracts after arbitration starts. Failing to negotiate or mediate before arbitration does not block arbitration unless clearly required by law or the agreement (Article 12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SHIAC has also released its <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/rule\/en-shiac-shanghai-international-arbitration-center-arbitration-rules-2024-shiac-arbitration-rules-2024-monday-1st-january-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Arbitration Rules 2024<\/a>. The rules focus on fairness, efficiency, and clarity. For example, there are new rules for consolidated arbitration (Article 15) and third-party joinder (Article 41). They also simplify emergency arbitrator procedures by reducing waiting times (Article 25). Parties now have more choices for selecting arbitrators (Articles 30-32). SHIAC also makes it easier to conduct arbitrations online (Articles 10, 39). The rules also encourage green practices by promoting electronic submissions and reducing paper use (Articles 9, 85). SHIAC has added new transparency measures, such as allowing the publication of redacted awards (Article 11) and expanding disclosure requirements (Article 35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In September 2024, SCIA announced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scia.com.cn\/home\/index\/newsdetail\/id\/3631.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">amendments regarding Expedited Procedure<\/a> to its Arbitration Rules to enhance efficiency in dispute resolution, which is effective from 1 October 2024. The amendments extend the scope of the Expedited Procedure and raise the upper limit for disputes qualifying under this procedure to RMB10,000,000. The amendments will apply to cases accepted on or after 1 October 2024, while earlier cases may adopt the changes with party consent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Developments in China-Related ISDS Cases<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/icsid.worldbank.org\/cases\/case-database\/case-detail?CaseNo=ARB\/24\/21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (\u201c<strong>ICSID<\/strong>\u201d) database<\/a>, a new case related to <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China<\/a> was registered in 2024 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-bacanora-lithium-limited-sonora-lithium-ltd-and-ganfeng-international-trading-shanghai-co-ltd-v-united-mexican-states-party-representatives-friday-21st-june-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><em>Bacanora and others v. Mexico<\/em><\/a>. This case involves Oil, Gas, and Mining disputes and is filed under the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/treaty\/en-china-mexico-bit-2008-china-mexico-bit-2008-friday-11th-july-2008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China-Mexico Bilateral Investment Treaty (2008)<\/a> (\u201c<strong>BIT<\/strong>\u201d) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/treaty\/en-mexico-united-kingdom-bit-2006-mexico-united-kingdom-bit-2006-friday-12th-may-2006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Mexico-United Kingdom BIT (2006)<\/a>. The case was officially registered on 21 June 2024. As of the date of this article, 13 January 2025, the arbitral tribunal has been constituted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Developments were also observed in existing ISDS arbitration cases throughout 2024. For instance, in <em>Fengzhen Min v. South Korea<\/em>, the arbitral tribunal issued its <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-fengzhen-min-v-republic-of-korea-award-friday-31st-may-2024#decision_64384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">final award<\/a> on 30 May 2024, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.kr\/moj\/221\/subview.do?enc=Zm5jdDF8QEB8JTJGYmJzJTJGbW9qJTJGMTgyJTJGNTgzODc1JTJGYXJ0Y2xWaWV3LmRvJTNGcGFzc3dvcmQlM0QlMjZyZ3NCZ25kZVN0ciUzRCUyNmJic0NsU2VxJTNEJTI2cmdzRW5kZGVTdHIlM0QlMjZpc1ZpZXdNaW5lJTNEZmFsc2UlMjZwYWdlJTNEMTMlMjZiYnNPcGVuV3JkU2VxJTNEJTI2c3JjaENvbHVtbiUzRCUyNnNyY2hXcmQlM0QlMjY%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">fully supported Korea\u2019s position<\/a>. Subsequently, on 2 October 2024, Fengzhen Min filed an <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/other\/ko-fengzhen-min-v-republic-of-korea-beobmubu-alrim-junggugtujaja-gugjetujabunjaeng-isds-sageon-gwanryeon-ceongguin-ceug-panjeong-cwisojeolca-gaesi-monday-30th-september-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">application for annulment of the award<\/a>, which was <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-fengzhen-min-v-republic-of-korea-annulment-proceeding-pending-wednesday-2nd-october-2024#decision_68715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">registered by ICSID<\/a>. As of the date of this article, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-icsid-international-centre-for-settlement-of-investment-disputes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">ICSID<\/a> has yet to decide on the annulment application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another noteworthy case is <em>Zhongshan Fucheng v. Nigeria<\/em>. This case was initiated in 2019 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/treaty\/en-china-nigeria-bit-2001-china-nigeria-bit-2001-monday-27th-august-2001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China-Nigeria BIT (2001)<\/a>, and the tribunal issued its <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-zhongshan-fucheng-industrial-investment-co-ltd-v-federal-republic-of-nigeria-final-award-monday-1st-march-2021#decision_17721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Final Award<\/a> on 26 March 2021, after which, Zhongshan Fucheng has sought to enforce the award in various jurisdictions. For example, in June 2024, the High Court of Justice (Commercial Court) in England and Wales <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-zhongshan-fucheng-industrial-investment-co-ltd-v-federal-republic-of-nigeria-judgment-of-the-high-court-of-justice-of-england-and-wales-2024-ewhc-1503-friday-14th-june-2024#decision_65594\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">granted final charging orders<\/a> on two Liverpool properties owned by Nigeria. Nigeria had opposed the enforcement based on state immunity and claimed the properties were used for consular purposes rather than commercial activities. However, the court determined the properties were rented to private tenants and constituted commercial use, and therefore denied Nigeria\u2019s immunity arguments, and granted the final charging orders, allowing enforcement against the properties. According to the public information, Zhongshan Fucheng is also pursuing enforcement proceedings against Nigeria in <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/document\/decision\/en-zhongshan-fucheng-industrial-investment-co-ltd-v-federal-republic-of-nigeria-judgment-of-the-united-states-court-of-appeals-for-the-district-of-columbia-circuit-friday-9th-august-2024#decision_67304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">the United States<\/a>, the British Virgin Islands and so forth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ABOUT THE AUTHORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/p\/jingjing-li-1#data-analytics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Jingjing Li<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>is an Associate of <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/firm\/zhong-lun-law-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Zhong Lun Law Firm<\/strong><\/a>. She focuses on commercial arbitration, handling cases including international sales, joint ventures, technology, energy, construction, and intellectual property disputes under rules like <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-hkiac-hong-kong-international-arbitration-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">HKIAC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-cietac-china-international-economic-and-trade-arbitration-commission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">CIETAC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-icc-international-chamber-of-commerce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">ICC<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-siac-singapore-international-arbitration-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">SIAC<\/a> rules. Jingjing also works on sports arbitration (<a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/directory\/arbitrators\/all?query=CAS&amp;page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">CAS<\/a>) and advises clients in investor-state disputes matters. She also assists arbitrators as tribunal secretary and tribunal assistant in managing cases. Jingjing is on the List of Arbitrators for Riot Games\u2019 Esports (\u201c<strong>EMEA<\/strong>\u201d) Dispute Resolution. She is a member of the China VYAP Founding Committee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/p\/yanbing-sandra-peng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Yanbing Peng<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>is a Legal Counsel of the <a href=\"https:\/\/jusconnect.com\/en\/d\/profile\/institution\/en-scia-shenzhen-court-of-international-arbitration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\"><strong>Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration<\/strong><\/a>. During her time at SCIA, she managed more than 100 international arbitration cases as the legal counsel and in charge of international promotion. Prior to joining SCIA, she worked as legal counsel for large multinational companies, responsible for domestic investment and financing business, as well as foreign-related legal affairs in several Asian countries, including <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/th\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Thailand<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/np\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Nepal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/lk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Sri Lanka<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/jusmundi.com\/en\/d\/profile\/state\/sg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Singapore<\/a>. She is a member of the China VYAP Founding Committee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Junzi Ni<\/strong> is currently an undergraduate student at the <strong>China University of Political Science and Law<\/strong>, specialising in private international law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Discover more insights into the latest developments in arbitration in 2024 from around the world now<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/reports\/2025\/03\/2024-arbitration-year-in-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download now<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*<em>The&nbsp;views&nbsp;and opinions expressed by authors are theirs and do not necessarily reflect those of their organizations, employers, or Daily Jus, Jus Mundi, or Jus Connect.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arbitration Year in Review 2024 \u2013 China: Key legal reforms, PRC Arbitration Law updates, state immunity changes, ISDS cases, and enhanced judicial support for arbitration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":285503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"custom","single_blog_custom":"274736","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"author","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"hide","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"172","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"2024 Arbitration Year In Review - China","fb_description":"Arbitration Year in Review 2024 \u2013 China: Key legal reforms, PRC Arbitration Law updates, state immunity changes, ISDS cases, and enhanced judicial support for arbitration.","fb_image":"285502","twitter_title":"2024 Arbitration Year In Review - China","twitter_description":"Arbitration Year in Review 2024 \u2013 China: Key legal reforms, PRC Arbitration Law updates, state immunity changes, ISDS cases, and enhanced judicial support for arbitration.","twitter_image":"285502"},"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"0","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[{"good_text":""}],"bad":[{"bad_text":""}],"score_override":"0","override_value":"","rating":[{"rating_text":"","rating_number":"10"}],"price":[{"shop":"","price":"","link":"","icon":""}],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[205,170,172,207,196,197,195,208,188,199,202,161],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-285498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arbitration","category-asia-pacific","category-china","category-commercial-arbitration","category-construction","category-energy","category-industry","category-investor-state-arbitration","category-legal-insights","category-oil-gas","category-sports","category-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=285498"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285507,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285498\/revisions\/285507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/285503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=285498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=285498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=285498"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyjus.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=285498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}